It just pipped the previous record of £48,000 for the medal won by Mungo Park in the 1874 Open, which sold at Graham Budd in May 2005.
The 1883 championship went down to a playoff between Fernie and the defending champion Bob Ferguson, which Fernie won by a single stroke.
The winner's medal was kept in the family until 2002 when it was sold privately to a collector from whom it was acquired by Maxwells' American vendor. The auctioneers said it came with a full documented provenance.
It was bought below its £50,000-60,000 estimate by a private buyer from the North of England.
Held two days before the start of this year's Open at Royal Birkdale, the price was a new house record for Maxwells' at their inaugural golfing memorabilia sale.
The buyer's premium was 17.5 per cent.
By Alex Capon
